Corneal Ulcer
What is a corneal ulcer?
The cornea is the transparent layer covering the front of the eye. A corneal ulcer is a
break in the outer layers of the cornea, leaving the inner layer exposed. A corneal
ulcer is an open sore on the cornea, the clear outer layer covering the front of the
eye. It is often caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infections, as well as eye injuries
or inadequate tear production. Symptoms may include eye redness, pain, blurred vision,
and sensitivity to light. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent
complications and preserve vision.
What are the symptoms of corneal ulcers?
- Redness.
- Pain.
- Watering.
- Blurring of vision.
- Feeling that something is inside the eyes.
- Pus or discharge.
- Sensitivity to light.
- Whitish spot on the black part of the eyes.
- Swelling of eyelids.
What are the causes of corneal ulcers?
- Abrasions or trauma.
- Chemical burns.
- Infection (Bacterial, fungal, Viral, Parasitic ).
- Neurotrophic (decreased sensation).
- Exposure (incomplete eyelid closure).
- Allergic or inflammatory disease.
What are the risk factors of a corneal ulcer?
- Contact lens wear.
- Severe dry eyes.
- Bells palsy or eyelid disorder which prevents proper closure of eyes.
- Vigorous eye-rubbing.
How to diagnose corneal ulcers?
Diagnosing a corneal ulcer needs detailed eye examination which includes corneal staining by fluorescein dye which lights up the damaged cornea in a blue filter of a slit lamp microscope (an instrument for examining the eye). If an infection is suspected as an etiology of the ulcer then under topical anesthesia sample will be taken from the eye to identify the cause and give proper treatment.
- Treatment: Non-infected ulcer: prophylactic antibiotic along with lubricating eye drops is advised which will help in the natural healing of the ulcer.
- Chemical injury: A thorough eye wash is given and appropriate medications depending on the severity of the injury are advised.
What are the complications of a corneal ulcer?
- Corneal perforation
- Endophthalmitis
- Panophthalmitis
What is the Impact of corneal ulcer on quality of life?
A corneal ulcer can significantly impact the quality of life. The decreased vision and severe pain associated with the disease may prevent the patient from doing day-to-day activities.