Pterygium is a raised, triangular, fleshy growth that develops on the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eye. It begins on the sclera and gradually encroaches onto the cornea, the transparent front surface of the eye. This condition can occur in one or both eyes, often associated with exposure to UV light, wind, and dust, potentially leading to discomfort and vision changes.
Pterygium presents with several noticeable symptoms. Patients may observe a wing-like fleshy growth on the white part of the eye, which can encroach onto the cornea. Accompanying symptoms include redness, watering, and a burning sensation, particularly in bright or windy conditions. Additionally, individuals may experience a foreign body sensation and blurred vision if the growth significantly alters the cornea’s curvature. Early detection is crucial for effective management.
Several risk factors contribute to the development of pterygium. Outdoor workers are at increased risk due to prolonged exposure to UV radiation and environmental irritants. Individuals in dry and dusty conditions also face higher susceptibility. Additionally, those living in sunny climates, particularly near the equator, are more prone to this condition. In some cases, pterygium may develop without any apparent cause, highlighting the complexity of its origins.
The treatment for pterygium involves surgical removal of the fleshy growth, providing a permanent solution. After excision, grafting is performed to cover the area, secured with sutures or advanced fibrin glue. Post-surgery, an eye patch is placed for one day, and patients may experience mild redness and watering. Medications are prescribed, and patients should avoid rubbing their eyes or bathing their heads for a week, returning to normal activities within a few days.
Pterygium is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to UV radiation from sunlight, along with environmental factors such as wind and dust, leading to chronic irritation and inflammation of the conjunctiva.
The main treatment for pterygium is surgical excision, where the abnormal growth is carefully removed. Grafting healthy conjunctival tissue may be performed afterward to minimize the chance of recurrence.
Pterygium stages are classified as: Stage 1 involves mild inflammation; Stage 2 presents superficial growth; Stage 3 shows more significant growth; and Stage 4 may obstruct vision, extending onto the cornea.
Pterygium removal is a surgical procedure performed under local anesthesia, typically on an outpatient basis. After excision, healthy tissue is often grafted onto the area to aid healing and prevent recurrence.
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